POVERTY AND THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT 1. INTRODUCTION.
What is poverty?
If we look in a dictionary or encyclopedia definition of poverty, in the same show: "narrowness, need, lack of the necessaries of life." However, if we define poverty in a less abstract and more realistic we could say that poverty is hunger, homelessness under the shelter which is being sick and not being able to see a doctor, is unable to attend school for lack of shoes and can not read, is not having a job, fear of the future and live day by day. Poverty is losing a child due to diseases related to unclean water, is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom.
We also know that poverty is a syndrome that includes a number of features. Among them, two stand out: the use, because it determines the level of income which in turn gives access to material goods and education that provides access to cultural and largely determines the type of employment is achieved.
Today although there are sufficient resources continue to die of hunger every day 30,000 people, 10% of world's richest 70% enjoy the richness and 1,100 million people live on less than $ 1 a day.
The persistence of poverty can not be justified. We need all the support to ensure that no one will ever again have to die for causes wholly vital. It is therefore important that the World of Sports also to make aware and to join this global mobilization against poverty.
Today, global poverty remains one of the most important. We have done a study on the subject. To do this, we decided to give it a sporty approach. Lines Overall, we discussed the following points:
- pockets of poverty in different continents.
- Possible general causes of such poverty.
- Contributions of the business of sport.
As a group of students in Science of Physical Activity and Sport, we have chosen this theme for the relationship between Theory of Culture, Poverty and Sport, the latter may be a cost for the different countries we treated. Our goal is to ensure awareness of the poverty and try to provide solutions to the socioeconomic status of poor countries.
2. POVERTY IN BRAZIL
In Brazil, 32 million children and adolescents live in families with incomes below $ 40 a month. In Brazil, with 178 million people, poverty pushes children into the world of work at older ages where they should go to school, and is a breeding ground for other problems, like malnutrition, sexual exploitation and violence against childhood and adolescence. Although there are no reliable statistics on child labor, an estimated three million children under 14 work, 40 of them in agriculture, a sector in which the conditions are harder and generally incompatible with the school.
A report by the International Work, reported last week, revealed that Brazil is the third country in the world in number of children working in domestic service, with a total of 559,000 workers, second only to South Africa and Indonesia. Sexual exploitation is another pest that affects poor children. But legislative action by various governments and the work of the Catholic Pastoral of the Child have significantly reduced the extent of the problem in the past decade came to hit half a million children and adolescents.
3. POVERTY IN ARGENTINA In Argentina
51.4% of people live in poverty. Are 18.2 million people. Of these, 8.3 million are children under 18 years. There are 7.8 million homeless people who can not cover their basic food needs.
Poverty is a phenomenon on the rise since 1994, and hit a terrible jump from 1998 onwards to climb with even greater force in recent months. And the combination of three factors: rising prices, especially food, rising unemployment and wage freezes.
Another way of looking at poverty is through the analysis of Unsatisfied Basic Needs (NBI). This concept, which basically shows the "structural poverty" is an indicator of quality of life that considers the existence or absence of certain traits such as health services, acceptable housing, access to education, etc. According to the National Census of Population and Housing 2001, just over 14% of Argentine households have unmet basic needs.
WHAT IS SOCCER IN BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA?
Brazil and Argentina are great powers in the world of football. Objective data to confirm their supremacy is that they were world champions in 5 and 2 times respectively. Throughout history, both countries have brought many first-class players such as Pelé, Maradona, Di Stefano, Kempes, Socrates, Zico ... Are currently offering many talents talk about Ronaldinho, Ronaldo, Kaka, Roman, Messi ... These players are not just dealing in the world, but who are the hope, light, and the fate of millions American children. For this and other reasons, we wish to emphasize that in these countries, soccer is not a sport for them is a way of life for them is everything.
4. POVERTY IN CUBA
Today more than 1200 million people live on one dollar or less per day. In Latin America there are several countries, including Cuba is, who are in a dead end where they have to cope with external debt of over 800 billion dollars.
This poverty as we know it is not something new or recent, but that has been dragged from the second half of the nineteenth century after the three wars of independence and has slowly been going through different stages. During the first half of the twentieth century experienced economic growth but, not accompanied by a development comes in 1929 when global economic crisis dramatically worsened the situation leading to many Cubans to emigrate to other countries and, last but not least, in 1952 establishing a US-backed dictatorship and quite at odds with the people. Years later the Cuban society begins to progress and the United States looks completely averse to it so it takes drastic measures that will lead to ban all trade with Cuba causing this country enters a lock state still persists. In 1990 Cuba knows its greatest crisis when they break all economic ties with the European socialist countries that performed the vast majority of trade following the change in their political orientation. For years it has lacked the most basic things and today there is no difference even if it is true that for one year the economy is suffering some impetus by the introduction of joint ventures, especially in tourism, legalization of private industry and the use of the dollar has become the second currency. All of this brings new challenges but the population is working to find solutions through new ideas.
In such a context is not surprising that Cuban athletes are just coming to be at the top and it is precisely in those specialties that required fewer resources in the most highlight such as athletics, combat sports or volleyball since these sports are a form of entertainment that later they can bear to leave the country and obtain the means to support their families and even giving a name and advertising the country which leads to increased tourism, as we have seen is one of the factors that today more is helping them overcome the crisis. This is clearly reflected in the medals in this country.
5. POVERTY IN AFRICA
When appointing the word poverty, it is inextricably linked to Africa. It is almost inevitable to think of poverty, hunger, misery without thinking of this continent, and this is not by chance and that extreme poverty is concentrated in this area, where half or more of the half the population lives on less than a dollar a day. We're talking about a continent which owns 16% of world population, so we are discussing something as little alarming because that means more than 480 million hungry people in Africa alone.
Dozens of countries in this continent (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Niger, Nigeria, Central African Republic, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Ethiopia, Burundi, Madagascar, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Lesotho, Malawi) live in extreme poverty that is, have nothing to put in their mouths in days, but that in other countries conditions are much more flattering as all struggle to survive.
But poverty is not only reflected into famine and malnutrition, this is one of the many mouths of the problem that causes many other diseases that cause thousands of deaths every minute. In the absence of water (and if they do not drinkable), sanitation is almost nonexistent, a factor that determines the appearance of diseases like malaria, cholera, malaria, etc, which causes progressive deterioration of the population giving result in mortality at early ages. These diseases hygienic source we can add to sexually transmitted diseases by the use of promiscuity to obtain food (AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis B ...). An example is the "sex for fish" (sex for fish)-a local expression to refer to women in prostitution with the fishermen to bring fish to your family.
Despite being the continent less economically prosperous and more desolate, sub-Saharan Africa is one of the major world powers in athletics, long distance runners. Nobody can deny this fact. The dominance of African athletes in distance running is overwhelming. The current world record of 3,000 constraints, 5,000, 10,000, half-marathon and marathon are in their hands, rather, on their feet. The key to this superiority is in the physical constitution of these athletes, both physiological and morphological: have greater endurance. This is because they spend less oxygen and therefore the same amount Africans can run 10% farther than the European corridors because they eat more slowly. Another factor influencing this is that they are lighter and height-weight ratio is more favorable than other athletes. All these factors determine the performance and capacity of these athletes to help you out of poverty that plagues their country, this being a way to escape a lot of Africans cling to survive.
6. POVERTY IN RUSSIA
A cursory examination of the social situation in modern Russia reveals a deeply divided society. A series of statistics shows the existence of two worlds: one-the world of wealth and luxury, is inhabited by an insignificant minority, the other-the world of social decline and an arduous struggle for the necessities of life-is inhabited by million people.
Figures showing the distribution of wealth reveal the nature of social polarization. According to government data, Russia is experiencing one of the levels of inequality higher than can be found among the most advanced countries in the world. In Moscow, the difference is even greater. According to statistics published by the World Bank late last year, 20 percent of the Russian population lives below the poverty line, set a monthly income of 30 euros.
Most working poor are employed in the public sector are teachers, doctors and civil servants in the lower grades. The occupations with the lowest incomes, among whom are nurses and doctors-are of great social importance. The poor living conditions of those employed in these sectors contribute to the decline of the structures that underpin the functioning of society. But they are not workers but pensioners and the young who are the sectors poorest of Russian society.
Unlike what happens in Western countries, where poverty is concentrated in big cities in Russia's easier to find the poor in the villages and towns. And families with children are exposed to falling into poverty, especially if two or more. Children from low-income families have far fewer opportunities to continue education after high school (only 15 percent do). A low level of education is an important factor contributing to persistent poverty.
As shown it is impossible to seriously fight against poverty without a real reform of the education and health services. Both should be accessible to large segments of the population. However, the trend is going in the opposite direction.
As for sport in this country can be highlighted, inter alia, artistic gymnastics and more specifically the women's gymnastics, and within Svetlana Khorkina and contributions to their homeland and has been winning several world championships and Olympic medals in Atlanta 1996, Sydney 2000 and Athens 2004, and have set numerous records in his specialty.
The existence of athletes and Svetlana help in some way, even by slightly, to make deposits in the country dedicated to their occupation; which makes girls like her to escape the plight of their country and fight to make their world better.
7. POVERTY IN ASIA
The Asian continent is made up of many countries, which are: India, China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam ...
Most of them are in extreme poverty, with lack of basic needs: food, shelter and clothing, and this is speaking of the lucky ones.
On the other hand, we find countries such as Japan, highly developed countries where the quality of life and per capita income in some places than the West.
We will focus on India, where we see two main causes of poverty:
- At the individual level by the inability of men to access resources, knowledge and a decent livelihood.
- In the social sphere is an unequal distribution of resources, services (education, health, drinking water) and power. Institutionalized in the form of land, capital, infrastructure
In general, many areas of Asia are economically underdeveloped, where a high percentage of the population works in agriculture of activity, but little productivity. Although as with everything, there is the exception. Thus we find in Japan, Korea south or Hong Kong, highly developed countries. On the other hand, Vietnam and Laos, the poorest.
8. POVERTY IN INDIA:
We will focus mainly January this country and in sport there, and address an issue that has alarmed public health worldwide.
The main sports in India include Cricket, kabaddi, hockey and in its various forms (skates, ice ..). However, we received news recently of a boy of 4 years has run a marathon in Bhubaneswar (India). The boy ran 65 km, but the doctors withdrew from the race before the trial ended. Can this be a case of exploitation children, such as those occurring in other Asian countries like China? . Possibly yes, but what we know is that children are not going away in these competitions, let alone, they will advise, to be a great athlete.
say that not everything in India, and in Asian countries is exploitation through sport, but there are some agencies or programs of social rehabilitation through sports. This is the case of the "magic bus sports program" in Mumbai India. It is a project to help children Dhabi suburbs in Mumbai, where 54% live below a threshold. There are offered education, clothing, food, shelter and medical care in exchange for football training sessions, track, softball and rugby. Laura Alvarez
table
Paula Almeida House
Mario González Muñoz David Rodríguez Rosell Torrelo
Julio Torres.
